/*
 * Copyright (C) 1999-2011 Insight Software Consortium
 * Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)
 *
 * This file is part of Orfeo Toolbox
 *
 *     https://www.orfeo-toolbox.org/
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#ifndef otbVCAImageFilter_hxx
#define otbVCAImageFilter_hxx

#include "otbVcaImageFilter.h"
#include "otbStandardWriterWatcher.h"

namespace otb
{

template <class TImage>
VCAImageFilter<TImage>::VCAImageFilter() : m_NumberOfEndmembers(0)
{
}

template <class TImage>
VCAImageFilter<TImage>::~VCAImageFilter()
{
}

template <class TImage>
void VCAImageFilter<TImage>::GenerateOutputInformation()
{
  // call the superclass' implementation of this method
  Superclass::GenerateOutputInformation();

  // get pointers to the input and output
  typename VectorImageType::ConstPointer inputPtr  = this->GetInput();
  typename VectorImageType::Pointer      outputPtr = this->GetOutput();

  if (!inputPtr || !outputPtr)
  {
    return;
  }

  const unsigned int numberOfBands = inputPtr->GetNumberOfComponentsPerPixel();
  RegionType         outputRegion;
  IndexType          outputOrigin;
  SizeType           outputSize;

  outputOrigin.Fill(0);
  outputSize[0] = m_NumberOfEndmembers;
  outputSize[1] = 1;
  outputRegion.SetIndex(outputOrigin);
  outputRegion.SetSize(outputSize);

  outputPtr->SetLargestPossibleRegion(outputRegion);
  outputPtr->SetNumberOfComponentsPerPixel(numberOfBands);
}

template <class TImage>
void VCAImageFilter<TImage>::GenerateData()
{
  typedef typename ForwardPCAImageFilterType::NormalizeFilterType NormalizeFilterType;

  VectorImageType*   input   = const_cast<VectorImageType*>(this->GetInput());
  const unsigned int nbBands = this->GetInput()->GetNumberOfComponentsPerPixel();


  otbMsgDevMacro("Computing image stats") typename StreamingStatisticsVectorImageFilterType::Pointer statsInput =
      StreamingStatisticsVectorImageFilterType::New();

  statsInput->SetInput(input);
  statsInput->SetEnableMinMax(false);
  statsInput->Update();

  double                    SNR, SNRth;
  vnl_matrix<PrecisionType> Ud;

  // SNR computation
  {
    vnl_matrix<PrecisionType> R = statsInput->GetCorrelation().GetVnlMatrix();
    vnl_svd<PrecisionType>    svd(R);
    vnl_matrix<PrecisionType> U   = svd.U();
    Ud                            = U.get_n_columns(0, m_NumberOfEndmembers);
    vnl_matrix<PrecisionType> Udt = Ud.transpose();

    // To remove the mean
    typename NormalizeFilterType::Pointer normalize = NormalizeFilterType::New();
    normalize->SetInput(input);
    normalize->SetMean(statsInput->GetMean());
    normalize->SetUseMean(true);
    normalize->SetUseStdDev(false);

    typename MatrixImageFilterType::Pointer mulUd = MatrixImageFilterType::New();
    mulUd->MatrixByVectorOn();
    mulUd->SetInput(normalize->GetOutput());
    mulUd->SetMatrix(Udt);
    mulUd->UpdateOutputInformation();

    typename StreamingStatisticsVectorImageFilterType::Pointer transformedStats = StreamingStatisticsVectorImageFilterType::New();

    transformedStats->SetInput(mulUd->GetOutput());
    transformedStats->SetEnableMinMax(false);
    transformedStats->Update();

    double P_R  = nbBands * statsInput->GetComponentCorrelation();
    double P_Rp = m_NumberOfEndmembers * transformedStats->GetComponentCorrelation() + statsInput->GetMean().GetSquaredNorm();
    // const double qL = static_cast<double>(m_NumberOfEndmembers) / nbBands;
    SNR = std::abs(10 * std::log10((P_Rp - (m_NumberOfEndmembers / nbBands) * P_R) / (P_R - P_Rp)));
  }

  SNRth = 15.0 + 10.0 * std::log(static_cast<double>(m_NumberOfEndmembers)) + 8.0;

  typename VectorImageType::Pointer Xd;
  typename VectorImageType::Pointer Y;

  std::vector<itk::ProcessObject::Pointer>    refHolder;
  typename ForwardPCAImageFilterType::Pointer pca       = ForwardPCAImageFilterType::New();
  typename NormalizeFilterType::Pointer       normalize = NormalizeFilterType::New();

  if (SNR > SNRth)
  {
    otbMsgDevMacro("Using projective projection for dimensionnality reduction")

        otbMsgDevMacro("Computing SVD of correlation matrix")
        // Take the correlation matrix
        vnl_matrix<PrecisionType>
            R = statsInput->GetCorrelation().GetVnlMatrix();

    // Apply SVD
    vnl_svd<PrecisionType>    svd(R);
    vnl_matrix<PrecisionType> U   = svd.U();
    Ud                            = U.get_n_columns(0, m_NumberOfEndmembers);
    vnl_matrix<PrecisionType> UdT = Ud.transpose();

    otbMsgDevMacro("Apply dimensionality reduction")
        // Xd = Ud.'*M;
        typename MatrixImageFilterType::Pointer mulUd = MatrixImageFilterType::New();
    mulUd->MatrixByVectorOn();
    mulUd->SetInput(this->GetInput());
    mulUd->SetMatrix(UdT);
    mulUd->UpdateOutputInformation();
    refHolder.push_back(mulUd.GetPointer());

    Xd = mulUd->GetOutput();

    // Compute mean(Xd)
    otbMsgDevMacro("Compute mean(Xd)") typename StreamingStatisticsVectorImageFilterType::Pointer statsXd = StreamingStatisticsVectorImageFilterType::New();
    statsXd->SetEnableSecondOrderStats(false);
    statsXd->SetInput(Xd);
    // statsXd->GetStreamer()->SetNumberOfDivisionsStrippedStreaming(10);
    statsXd->Update();
    typename VectorImageType::PixelType Xdmean = statsXd->GetMean();
    otbMsgDevMacro("mean(Xd) = " << Xdmean)

        // Projective projection
        // Xd ./ repmat( sum( Xd .* repmat(u, [1 N]) ) , [d 1]);
        otbMsgDevMacro("Compute projective projection") typename ProjectiveProjectionImageFilterType::Pointer proj = ProjectiveProjectionImageFilterType::New();
    proj->SetInput(Xd);
    proj->GetModifiableFunctor().SetProjectionDirection(Xdmean);
    refHolder.push_back(proj.GetPointer());

    Xd = proj->GetOutput();
    Y  = Xd;
  }
  else
  {
    otbMsgDevMacro("Using PCA for dimensionnality reduction")

        normalize->SetInput(input);
    normalize->SetMean(statsInput->GetMean());
    normalize->SetUseMean(true);
    normalize->SetUseStdDev(false);

    // Take the correlation matrix
    vnl_matrix<PrecisionType> R = statsInput->GetCovariance().GetVnlMatrix();

    // Apply SVD
    vnl_svd<PrecisionType>    svd(R);
    vnl_matrix<PrecisionType> U   = svd.U();
    Ud                            = U.get_n_columns(0, m_NumberOfEndmembers - 1);
    vnl_matrix<PrecisionType> UdT = Ud.transpose();

    typename MatrixImageFilterType::Pointer mulUd = MatrixImageFilterType::New();
    mulUd->MatrixByVectorOn();
    mulUd->SetInput(normalize->GetOutput());
    mulUd->SetMatrix(UdT);
    mulUd->UpdateOutputInformation();
    refHolder.push_back(mulUd.GetPointer());

    Xd = mulUd->GetOutput();

    typename VectorImageToAmplitudeImageFilterType::Pointer normComputer = VectorImageToAmplitudeImageFilterType::New();
    normComputer->SetInput(Xd);

    typename StreamingMinMaxImageFilterType::Pointer maxNormComputer = StreamingMinMaxImageFilterType::New();
    maxNormComputer->SetInput(normComputer->GetOutput());
    maxNormComputer->Update();
    typename ImageType::PixelType maxNorm = maxNormComputer->GetMaximum();
    otbMsgDevMacro("maxNorm : " << maxNorm)

        typename ConcatenateScalarValueImageFilterType::Pointer concat = ConcatenateScalarValueImageFilterType::New();
    concat->SetInput(Xd);
    concat->SetScalarValue(maxNorm);
    refHolder.push_back(concat.GetPointer());

    Y = concat->GetOutput();
    Y->UpdateOutputInformation();
  }

  // E : result, will contain the endmembers
  vnl_matrix<PrecisionType> E(nbBands, m_NumberOfEndmembers);

  // A = zeros(q, q)
  // A(q, 1) = 1
  vnl_matrix<PrecisionType> A(m_NumberOfEndmembers, m_NumberOfEndmembers);
  A.fill(0);
  A(m_NumberOfEndmembers - 1, 0) = 1;
  typename RandomVariateGeneratorType::Pointer randomGen = RandomVariateGeneratorType::GetInstance();

  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < m_NumberOfEndmembers; ++i)
  {
    otbMsgDevMacro("----------------------------------------") otbMsgDevMacro("Iteration " << i)

        // w = rand(q, 1)
        otbMsgDevMacro("Random vector generation ") vnl_vector<PrecisionType>
            w(m_NumberOfEndmembers);
    for (unsigned int j = 0; j < w.size(); ++j)
    {
      w(j) = randomGen->GetVariateWithOpenRange();
    }

    // f = ((I - A*pinv(A))*w) / (norm(I - A*pinv(A))*w))
    otbMsgDevMacro("f = ((I - A*pinv(A))*w) /(norm(I - A*pinv(A))*w))") vnl_matrix<PrecisionType> tmpMat(m_NumberOfEndmembers, m_NumberOfEndmembers);
    tmpMat.set_identity();
    otbMsgDevMacro("A" << std::endl << A) vnl_svd<PrecisionType> Asvd(A);
    tmpMat -= A * Asvd.inverse();

    vnl_vector<PrecisionType> tmpNumerator = tmpMat * w;
    vnl_vector<PrecisionType> f            = tmpNumerator / tmpNumerator.two_norm();

    // v = f.'*Y
    otbMsgDevMacro("f = " << f);
    otbMsgDevMacro("v = f.'*Y");
    typename DotProductImageFilterType::Pointer dotfY = DotProductImageFilterType::New();
    dotfY->SetInput(Y);

    typename VectorImageType::PixelType fV(f.data_block(), f.size());
    dotfY->GetModifiableFunctor().SetVector(typename VectorImageType::PixelType(fV));
    typename ImageType::Pointer v = dotfY->GetOutput();

    // abs(v)
    otbMsgDevMacro("abs(v)");
    typename AbsImageFilterType::Pointer absVFilter = AbsImageFilterType::New();
    absVFilter->SetInput(v);

    // max(abs(v))
    otbMsgDevMacro("max(abs(v))");
    typename StreamingMinMaxImageFilterType::Pointer maxAbs = StreamingMinMaxImageFilterType::New();
    maxAbs->SetInput(absVFilter->GetOutput());
    maxAbs->Update();

    // k = arg_max( max(abs(v)) )
    otbMsgDevMacro("k = arg_max( max(abs(v)) )") IndexType maxIdx = maxAbs->GetMaximumIndex();
    otbMsgDevMacro("max : " << maxAbs->GetMaximum()) otbMsgDevMacro("maxIdx : " << maxIdx)

        // extract Y(:, k)
        otbMsgDevMacro("Y(:, k)") RegionType region;
    region.SetIndex(maxIdx);
    SizeType size;
    size.Fill(1);
    region.SetSize(size);
    Y->SetRequestedRegion(region);
    Y->Update();

    // store new endmember in A
    // A(:, i) = Y(:, k)
    otbMsgDevMacro("A(:, i) = Y(:, k)") typename VectorImageType::PixelType e = Y->GetPixel(maxIdx);
    otbMsgDevMacro("e = " << e) A.set_column(i, e.GetDataPointer());

    otbMsgDevMacro("A" << std::endl
                       << A)

        // reproject new endmember in original space
        vnl_vector<PrecisionType>
            u;
    if (SNR > SNRth)
    {
      // u = Ud * Xd(:, k)
      otbMsgDevMacro("u = Ud * Xd(:, k)") Xd->SetRequestedRegion(region);
      Xd->Update();
      typename VectorImageType::PixelType xd = Xd->GetPixel(maxIdx);
      vnl_vector<PrecisionType>           xdV(xd.GetDataPointer(), xd.GetSize());
      u = Ud * xdV;
    }
    else
    {
      // u = invPCA( Xd(:, k) )
      otbMsgDevMacro("u = Ud * Xd(:, k)") Xd->SetRequestedRegion(region);
      Xd->Update();
      typename VectorImageType::PixelType xd = Xd->GetPixel(maxIdx);
      vnl_vector<PrecisionType>           xdV(xd.GetDataPointer(), xd.GetSize());
      // Ud = pca->GetTransformationMatrix().GetVnlMatrix().transpose();

      vnl_vector<PrecisionType> mean(statsInput->GetMean().GetDataPointer(), statsInput->GetMean().GetSize());
      u = Ud * xdV + mean;
    }

    // E(:, i) = u
    otbMsgDevMacro("E(:, i) = u") otbMsgDevMacro("u = " << u) E.set_column(i, u);
  }

  typename VectorImageType::Pointer output = this->GetOutput();
  output->SetRegions(output->GetLargestPossibleRegion());
  // output->SetNumberOfComponentsPerPixel(input->GetNumberOfComponentsPerPixel());
  output->Allocate();

  itk::ImageRegionIteratorWithIndex<VectorImageType> it(output, output->GetLargestPossibleRegion());
  unsigned int                                       i;
  for (it.GoToBegin(), i = 0; !it.IsAtEnd(); ++it, ++i)
  {
    vnl_vector<PrecisionType>           e = E.get_column(i);
    typename VectorImageType::PixelType pixel(input->GetNumberOfComponentsPerPixel());
    for (unsigned int j = 0; j < e.size(); ++j)
    {
      pixel[j] = E(j, i);
    }
    it.Set(pixel);
  }
}

/**
 * Standard "PrintSelf" method
 */
template <class TImage>
void VCAImageFilter<TImage>::PrintSelf(std::ostream& os, itk::Indent indent) const
{
  Superclass::PrintSelf(os, indent);
}

} // end namespace otb

#endif
