/*
 * Copyright (C) 1999-2011 Insight Software Consortium
 * Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)
 *
 * This file is part of Orfeo Toolbox
 *
 *     https://www.orfeo-toolbox.org/
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#ifndef otbStatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter_hxx
#define otbStatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter_hxx

#include "otbStatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter.h"

#include "vnl/algo/vnl_real_eigensystem.h"
#include "vnl/algo/vnl_symmetric_eigensystem.h"

namespace otb
{
namespace Functor
{
/** Constructor */
template <class TLabelObject, class TFeatureImage>
StatisticsAttributesLabelObjectFunctor<TLabelObject, TFeatureImage>::StatisticsAttributesLabelObjectFunctor()
  : m_FeatureName("Default"), m_FeatureImage(), m_ReducedAttributeSet(true)
{
}

/** Destructor */
template <class TLabelObject, class TFeatureImage>
StatisticsAttributesLabelObjectFunctor<TLabelObject, TFeatureImage>::~StatisticsAttributesLabelObjectFunctor()
{
}

/** The comparators */
template <class TLabelObject, class TFeatureImage>
bool StatisticsAttributesLabelObjectFunctor<TLabelObject, TFeatureImage>::operator!=(const Self& self)
{
  // Initialize response
  bool resp = true;

  resp = resp && (m_FeatureName != self.m_FeatureName);
  resp = resp && (m_FeatureImage != self.m_FeatureImage);

  // Return
  return resp;
}

template <class TLabelObject, class TFeatureImage>
bool StatisticsAttributesLabelObjectFunctor<TLabelObject, TFeatureImage>::operator==(const Self& self)
{
  // Call the != implementation
  return !(this != self);
}

/** This is the functor implementation
 *  Calling the functor on a label object
 *  will update its statistics attributes */
template <class TLabelObject, class TFeatureImage>
void StatisticsAttributesLabelObjectFunctor<TLabelObject, TFeatureImage>::operator()(LabelObjectType* lo) const
{
  ConstLineIteratorType lit = ConstLineIteratorType(lo);
  lit.GoToBegin();

  std::ostringstream oss;

  FeatureType                       min       = itk::NumericTraits<FeatureType>::max();
  FeatureType                       max       = itk::NumericTraits<FeatureType>::NonpositiveMin();
  double                            sum       = 0;
  double                            sum2      = 0;
  double                            sum3      = 0;
  double                            sum4      = 0;
  unsigned int                      totalFreq = 0;
  typename TFeatureImage::IndexType minIdx;
  minIdx.Fill(0);
  typename TFeatureImage::IndexType maxIdx;
  maxIdx.Fill(0);
  typename TFeatureImage::PointType centerOfGravity;
  centerOfGravity.Fill(0);
  MatrixType centralMoments;
  centralMoments.Fill(0);
  MatrixType principalAxes;
  principalAxes.Fill(0);
  VectorType principalMoments;
  principalMoments.Fill(0);

  // iterate over all the lines
  while (!lit.IsAtEnd())
  {
    const typename TFeatureImage::IndexType& firstIdx = lit.GetLine().GetIndex();
    unsigned long                            length   = lit.GetLine().GetLength();

    long endIdx0 = firstIdx[0] + length;
    for (typename TFeatureImage::IndexType idx = firstIdx; idx[0] < endIdx0; idx[0]++)
    {
      const FeatureType& v = m_FeatureImage->GetPixel(idx);
      ++totalFreq;

      // update min and max
      if (v <= min)
      {
        min    = v;
        minIdx = idx;
      }
      if (v >= max)
      {
        max    = v;
        maxIdx = idx;
      }

      // increase the sums
      const double v2 = v * v;

      sum += v;
      sum2 += v2;
      sum3 += v2 * v;
      sum4 += v2 * v2;

      if (!m_ReducedAttributeSet)
      {
        // moments
        typename TFeatureImage::PointType physicalPosition;
        m_FeatureImage->TransformIndexToPhysicalPoint(idx, physicalPosition);
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < TFeatureImage::ImageDimension; ++i)
        {
          centerOfGravity[i] += physicalPosition[i] * v;
          centralMoments[i][i] += v * physicalPosition[i] * physicalPosition[i];
          for (unsigned int j = i + 1; j < TFeatureImage::ImageDimension; ++j)
          {
            const double weight = v * physicalPosition[i] * physicalPosition[j];
            centralMoments[i][j] += weight;
            centralMoments[j][i] += weight;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    ++lit;
  }

  // final computations
  const double mean     = sum / totalFreq;
  const double variance = (sum2 - (sum * sum / totalFreq)) / (totalFreq - 1);
  const double sigma    = std::sqrt(variance);
  const double mean2    = mean * mean;
  double       skewness = 0;
  double       kurtosis = 0;

  const double epsilon = 1E-10;
  if (std::abs(variance) > epsilon)
  {
    skewness = ((sum3 - 3.0 * mean * sum2) / totalFreq + 2.0 * mean * mean2) / (variance * sigma);
    kurtosis = ((sum4 - 4.0 * mean * sum3 + 6.0 * mean2 * sum2) / totalFreq - 3.0 * mean2 * mean2) / (variance * variance) - 3.0;
  }

  oss.str("");
  oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::Mean";
  lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), mean);

  oss.str("");
  oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::Variance";
  lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), variance);

  oss.str("");
  oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::Skewness";
  lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), skewness);

  oss.str("");
  oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::Kurtosis";
  lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), kurtosis);

  if (!m_ReducedAttributeSet)
  {
    double elongation = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
    if (sum != 0)
    {
      // Normalize using the total mass
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < TFeatureImage::ImageDimension; ++i)
      {
        centerOfGravity[i] /= sum;
        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < TFeatureImage::ImageDimension; ++j)
        {
          centralMoments[i][j] /= sum;
        }
      }

      // Center the second order moments
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < TFeatureImage::ImageDimension; ++i)
      {
        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < TFeatureImage::ImageDimension; ++j)
        {
          centralMoments[i][j] -= centerOfGravity[i] * centerOfGravity[j];
        }
      }

      // Compute principal moments and axes
      vnl_symmetric_eigensystem<double> eigen(centralMoments.GetVnlMatrix());
      vnl_diag_matrix<double>           pm = eigen.D;
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < TFeatureImage::ImageDimension; ++i)
      {
        //    principalMoments[i] = 4 * std::sqrt( pm(i, i) );
        principalMoments[i] = pm(i, i);
      }
      principalAxes = eigen.V.transpose();

      // Add a final reflection if needed for a proper rotation,
      // by multiplying the last row by the determinant
      vnl_real_eigensystem                  eigenrot(principalAxes.GetVnlMatrix());
      vnl_diag_matrix<std::complex<double>> eigenval = eigenrot.D;
      std::complex<double>                  det(1.0, 0.0);

      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < TFeatureImage::ImageDimension; ++i)
      {
        det *= eigenval(i, i);
      }

      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < TFeatureImage::ImageDimension; ++i)
      {
        principalAxes[TFeatureImage::ImageDimension - 1][i] *= std::real(det);
      }

      if (principalMoments[0] != 0)
      {
        //    elongation = principalMoments[TFeatureImage::ImageDimension-1] / principalMoments[0];
        elongation = std::sqrt(principalMoments[TFeatureImage::ImageDimension - 1] / principalMoments[0]);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      // can't compute anything in that case - just set everything to a default value
      // Normalize using the total mass
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < TFeatureImage::ImageDimension; ++i)
      {
        centerOfGravity[i]  = 0;
        principalMoments[i] = 0;
        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < TFeatureImage::ImageDimension; ++j)
        {
          principalAxes[i][j] = 0;
        }
      }
    }


    oss.str("");
    oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::Elongation";
    lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), (double)elongation);

    oss.str("");
    oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::Minimum";
    lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), (double)min);

    oss.str("");
    oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::Maximum";
    lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), (double)max);

    oss.str("");
    oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::Sum";
    lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), sum);

    oss.str("");
    oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::Sigma";
    lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), sigma);

    for (unsigned int dim = 0; dim < TFeatureImage::ImageDimension; ++dim)
    {
      oss.str("");
      oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::CenterOfGravity" << dim;
      lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), centerOfGravity[dim]);

      oss.str("");
      oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::PrincipalMoments" << dim;
      lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), principalMoments[dim]);

      oss.str("");
      oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::FirstMinimumIndex" << dim;
      lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), minIdx[dim]);

      oss.str("");
      oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::FirstMaximumIndex" << dim;
      lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), maxIdx[dim]);

      for (unsigned int dim2 = 0; dim2 < TFeatureImage::ImageDimension; ++dim2)
      {
        oss.str("");
        oss << "STATS::" << m_FeatureName << "::PrincipalAxis" << dim << dim2;
        lo->SetAttribute(oss.str().c_str(), principalAxes(dim, dim2));
      }
    }
  }
}


/** Set the name of the feature */
template <class TLabelObject, class TFeatureImage>
void StatisticsAttributesLabelObjectFunctor<TLabelObject, TFeatureImage>::SetFeatureName(const std::string& name)
{
  m_FeatureName = name;
}

/** Get the feature name */
template <class TLabelObject, class TFeatureImage>
const std::string& StatisticsAttributesLabelObjectFunctor<TLabelObject, TFeatureImage>::GetFeatureName() const
{
  return m_FeatureName;
}

/** Set the feature image */
template <class TLabelObject, class TFeatureImage>
void StatisticsAttributesLabelObjectFunctor<TLabelObject, TFeatureImage>::SetFeatureImage(const TFeatureImage* img)
{
  m_FeatureImage = img;
}

/** Get the feature image */
template <class TLabelObject, class TFeatureImage>
const TFeatureImage* StatisticsAttributesLabelObjectFunctor<TLabelObject, TFeatureImage>::GetFeatureImage() const
{
  return m_FeatureImage;
}

/** Set the reduced attribute set */
template <class TLabelObject, class TFeatureImage>
void StatisticsAttributesLabelObjectFunctor<TLabelObject, TFeatureImage>::SetReducedAttributeSet(bool flag)
{
  m_ReducedAttributeSet = flag;
}

/** Get the reduced attribute set */
template <class TLabelObject, class TFeatureImage>
bool StatisticsAttributesLabelObjectFunctor<TLabelObject, TFeatureImage>::GetReducedAttributeSet() const
{
  return m_ReducedAttributeSet;
}

} // End namespace Functor

template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>
StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter()
{
}

template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>
StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::~StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter()
{
}

/** Set the feature image */
template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>
void StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::SetFeatureImage(const TFeatureImage* input)
{
  // Set the Nth input
  this->SetNthInput(1, const_cast<TFeatureImage*>(input));
}

/** Get the feature image */
template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>
const typename StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::FeatureImageType*
StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::GetFeatureImage() const
{
  return static_cast<const TFeatureImage*>(this->itk::ProcessObject::GetInput(1));
}

/** Set Input1 (for backward compatibility) */
template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>
void StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::SetInput1(const TImage* input)
{
  this->SetInput(input);
}

/** Get Input1 (for backward compatibility) */
template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>
const TImage* StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::GetInput1() const
{
  return this->GetInput();
}

/** Set Input2 (for backward compatibility) */
template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>
void StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::SetInput2(const TFeatureImage* input)
{
  this->SetFeatureImage(input);
}

/** Get Input2 (for backward compatibility) */
template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>
const TFeatureImage* StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::GetInput2() const
{
  return this->GetFeatureImage();
}

/** Set the name of the feature */
template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>

void StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::SetFeatureName(const std::string& name)
{
  if (name != this->GetFunctor().GetFeatureName())
  {
    this->GetFunctor().SetFeatureName(name);
    this->Modified();
  }
}

/** Get the feature name */
template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>

const std::string& StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::GetFeatureName() const
{
  return this->GetFunctor().GetFeatureName();
}

/** Set the reduced attribute set */
template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>

void StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::SetReducedAttributeSet(bool flag)
{
  if (this->GetFunctor().GetReducedAttributeSet() != flag)
  {
    this->GetFunctor().SetReducedAttributeSet(flag);
    this->Modified();
  }
}

/** Get the reduced attribute set */
template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>

bool StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::GetReducedAttributeSet() const
{
  return this->GetFunctor().GetReducedAttributeSet();
}

template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>
void StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::BeforeThreadedGenerateData()
{
  // First call superclass implementation
  Superclass::BeforeThreadedGenerateData();

  // Set the feature image to the functor
  this->GetFunctor().SetFeatureImage(this->GetFeatureImage());
}

template <class TImage, class TFeatureImage>
void StatisticsAttributesLabelMapFilter<TImage, TFeatureImage>::PrintSelf(std::ostream& os, itk::Indent indent) const
{
  Superclass::PrintSelf(os, indent);
}

} // end namespace itk
#endif
