| # `SPIN README` ## `Overview of this File` Downloading Spin Installing Spin Related software (gcc, cpp, tcl/tk wish, yacc, dot, etch, jspin, erigone, spinja, ltl2ba) ## `0. Overview` This readme file contains the guidelines for downloading and installing Spin and related software on Unix/Linux and Windows platforms. Refer to Spin's homepage for a general description of Spin, with pointers to manual pages, newsletters. Spin is distributed freely in source form to encourage research in formal verification, and to help a support friendly and open exchange of algorithms, ideas, and tools. ### `Copyright and License` The Spin source code was released under copyright from Bell Laboratories in 1989/1990. It has been distributed freely since then for research and educational purposes, without any guarantee of any kind expressed or implied. For commercial applications Lucent/Bell Labs has provided this license. The Spin source code is also part of the Plan9 distribution from Bell Labs. One branch of the Plan9 code, including Spin, is currently distributed also by UC Berkeley under a GPLv2 license (see UCB). ## `1. Downloading Spin` Spin runs on Unix, Solaris, and Linux machines, on most flavors of Windows PCs, and on Macs. Precompiled binary executables for some popular types of machines are available in the Spin Binaries. All binaries have an extension that matches the Spin version number, such as `spin643.exe`. To install the binary, rename it to `spin.exe` and copy it into your bin directory. If you have machine type that is not available there, or if you are installing Spin for the first time, then follow the more detailed instructions below. Unix systems: download the most recent .tar-file with sources, the graphical interface iSpin, documentation and examples from the Spin Distribution, and continue at `Step 2a`. PCs (Windows95/98/2000/NT/XP): download the most recent pc_spin*.zip file, with a precompiled Spin executable, the graphical interface iSpin, and some examples from the Spin Distribution, and continue at `Step 2b`. Macs (Mac OS X): download the most recent .tar-file with sources, from the Spin Distribution, and continue at `Step 2c`. ## `2. Installing Spin` `Unix/Linux systems` (compiled from the sources) `Windows PC's` (using the executable) `Macs` (compiled from the sources, with some patches) ## `2a. Installing Spin on a Unix/Linux System` Place the *.tar.gz file from the Spin Source Distribution in clean directory, and cd to that directory. If you have a standard Unix/Linux system, unpack the archive, and compile an executable, for instance as follows:
    	gunzip *.tar.gz
    	tar -xf *.tar
    	cd Src*
    	make
If you are on a SOLARIS system, edit the makefile and add `-DSOLARIS` to the compiler directives in the makefile before you type 'make'. Similarly, if you use a different C compiler than defined in the makefile, edit the makefile first. You need to have at least a C compiler and a copy of yacc. If all else fails, you can also compile everything with the following line:
    	yacc -v -d spin.y; cc -o spin *.c
Spin should compile without warnings. Install the executable version of spin in a directory that is within your default search path (such as your home bin directory, or /usr/local/bin etc.) On Unix/Linux systems Spin assumes that the standard C preprocessor cpp is stored in file "/lib/cpp". On some systems this is different: check the comments in the makefile for details if you run into this problem. ### `Testing` To test the basic sanity of the Spin executable, or to get familiar with the basic usage of Spin, cd to the Examples directory that was created when you unpacked the source archive, and follow the instructions in README.tests file that is included there. ### `Adding iSpin (Unix/Linux)` iSpin is an optional, but highly recommended, graphical user interface to Spin, written in Tcl/Tk. To obtain Tcl/Tk, see Related software. The iSpin source can be found the iSpin/ subdirectory that will is created when you unpack the source tarfile. iSpin is compatible with Tcl/Tk version 8.4 and 8.5. iSpin prints the version numbers of Spin, iSpin, and Tcl/Tk when it starts up. You can also check separately which version of Tcl/Tk you have installed by executing the following commands in `wish' (a Tcl/Tk command):
    	info tclversion
    	puts $tk_version
You can find out which version of Spin you have by typing, at a shell command prompt:
    	$ spin -V
- Spin and iSpin need a working version of a C compiler installed on your system. iSpin can also make use the graph layout program 'dot' if it is available on your system. For information on 'dot,' see Related software. To install iSpin run the iSpin/install.sh script (after possibly editing it). invoke the program by typing
      	ispin
      or
      	ispin promela_spec

      For example:
      	ispin Spin/Examples/LTL/leader.pml
Check the online Help menus in ispin for more details on routine use. ## `2b. Installing Spin on a Windows PC` If you just need to update the Spin executable itself, download a new version from http://spinroot.com/spin/Bin/index.html If you need more files, e.g. a new copy of iSpin, download the latest pc_spin*.zip file from http://spinroot.com/spin/Src/index.html Extract the files from pc_spin*.zip, and copy spin*.exe, renamed spin.exe, into the directory where all your commands reside and that is within your default search path (e.g., c:/cygwin/bin/, or c:\apps\spin\) You can find out what your search path is set to by typing 'set' at an MS-DOS prompt -- this prints a list of all defined variables in your environment, including the search path that is used to find executable commands. (Note that you may need to set the search path in the environment variables) If you use Spin from the command line (i.e., without iSpin), be warned that some command shells, e.g., the MKS Korn-shell, have none-standard rules for argument parsing (i.e., you can not reliably quote an argument that contains spaces, such as an LTL formula). In most cases this will not be much of a problem, except with the conversion of LTL formula with the spin -f option. Use single-quotes when needed, e.g.: spin -f '[]<>p' You can circumvent the problem by using inline LTL formula, which are supported in Spin version 6, or by using sping option -F instead of -f, to read the formula from a file instead of the command line. To run Spin, also with the precompiled version, you need a working C-compiler and a C-preprocessor, because Spin generates its model checking software as C-source files that require compilation before a verification can be performed. This guarantees fast model checking, because each model checker can be optimized to the specific model being checked. Check, for instance, if you can compile and run a minimal C program succesfully, e.g.:
    	#include <stdio.h>
    	int main(void) { printf("hello\n"); }
To find a public version of a C compiler and some instructions on how to install it see Related software. ### `Adding iSpin (PC)` To run iSpin on a PC, you need the PC version of Tcl/Tk, which you can find under Related software. The ispin*.tcl source is contained in the .zip file of the distribution. Copy the .tcl file as is into a directory where you plan to work, or put a shortcut to this file on the Desktop or in the Start Menu. If you keep the extension .tcl, make sure it is recognized as a 'wish' file by the system, so that ispin starts when you double click the ispin*.tcl script. Under cygwin, copy the ispin*.tcl file to /bin/ispin and make it executable You can now use ispin as a normal Unix-style command, and you can pass the name of a filename to it, for instance as:
    	ispin leader
An alternative is to start ispin from its source by invoking wish:
    	wish -f ispin.tcl
      or	wish -f /bin/ispin
An even more indirect way to force ispin to startup is to first start `wish' from the Start Menu, under Programs, then select the larger window that comes up (the command window), and cd to the directory where you've stored the ispin tcl/tk source file. Then you can then start it up by typing:
    	source ispin.tcl  # or whatever else you've named this
and you should be up and running. The PC installation assumes that you have a command called "cpp.exe" or "gcc.exe" available (which comes with the gnu-c installation). "cpp" is the traditional name of the C preprocessor. Alternatively, ispin can also use the Visual C++ compiler, which is named cl.exe for preprocessing. To complicate your life somewhat, if you have a copy of the Borland C++ compiler installed, you'll notice that this cplusplus compiler was also named cpp.exe -- that's not the cpp you want. To avoid the name clash, you either have to edit the Spin source code to give it the full path name of the 'real' cpp.exe and recompile, or use Spin with the command-line option -Pxxxx where xxxx is the path for cpp.exe. Or better still (the current default) use gcc for both compilation and for preprocessing. Nothing much in Spin will work without access to a preprocessor. You can do a reasonable number of things without a full-blown compiler though (like simulations). The C-compiler (e.g., gcc) is required for all verifications and for the automata views in iSpin. If iSpin cannot locate the gcc executable on your system, it will put up a warning message when it first starts up. On recent versions of cygwin gcc is actually a link from /bin/gcc to /bin/gcc-3 or /bin/gcc-4 Depending on how the name changes, iSpin may not always recognize it. To fix this -- edit the iSpin source (it's tcl/tk text) and define CC as
    	set CC c:/cygwin/bin/gcc-5
or whatever the new name is. ## `2c. Installing Spin on a Mac` Compile Spin from its sources, as described under 2a for Unix systems in general, while following the suggestions below, which were provided by Dominik Brettnacher, email: `domi@saargate.de`. The C preprocessor on Mac OS X cannot be found in `/lib`. Change the path in the makefile for the proper location (`/usr/bin/cpp`), and in addition also tell the Mac preprocessor to handle its input as "assembler-with-cpp." This can be done by adding a flag to cpp, for instance in the makefile by adding the directive
    -DCPP="\"gcc -E -x c -xassembler-with-cpp\""
to the definition of `CFLAGS`. If you prefer `clang`, you can also try if the following works (not tested):
    -DCPP="\"clang -E -x c\""
### `Adding iSpin` On the Mac, iSpin is known to work correctly with Tcl/Tk Aqua, which offers a self-contained binary distribution for the Mac. Use, for instance, "TclTkAquaStandalone", version 8.4.4 from
    http://www.maths.mq.edu.au/~steffen/tcltk/TclTkAqua/
Some users reported that on a Mac iSpin by default places its temporary files into the root directory. This is nasty if you have admin privileges and probably leads to error messages if you don't. To prevent this, add a "cd" statement to iSpin (no arguments, just cd by itself on a line), as the first command executed. Place it, for instance, directly after the opening comments in the file. This makes iSpin use the home directory for these files. TclTk Aqua also provides the possibility to start a script when being run. For instance, to make iSpin start if you launch the TCL interpreter: move the ispin file into the "Wish Shell.app", as follows:
    chmod -R u+w Wish\ Shell.app
    mkdir Wish\ Shell.app/Contents/Resources/Scripts
    mv ispin*.tcl Wish\ Shell.app/Contents/Resources/Scripts/AppMain.tcl
## `3. Related Software` Some pointers to public domain versions of related software packages. Some (e.g, a C compiler) are required to run Spin, but most other packages are optional extensions or alternatives. ### `GCC (needed for Spin)` On Unix/Linux you probably have gcc, or an equivalent, installed. On the PC you need either a copy of Visual Studio Express (for the cl command), or an installation of gcc with minimally the executables: gcc.exe, and cpp.exe in your search path, together with all the standard C library routines and header files. You can get good free version of all these files with the `cygwin` toolkit, which is mostly self-installing and available from: http://www.cygwin.com/ See also what's available in http://spinroot.com/spin/Bin/index.html. ### `Tcl/Tk Wish (needed for iSpin only)` To run iSpin you'll need Tcl/Tk. Tcl/Tk was written by John Ousterhout (john.ousterhout@eng.sun.com) and is public domain. It can be obtained (for PCs or Unix) from cygwin, or from: http://www.tcl.tk/ or also (a more recent extension): http://www.activestate.com/Products/ActiveTcl/ More details can be found in netnews-group: comp.lang.tcl ### `Yacc (optional)` To compile Spin itself from its sources on a PC, you'll need to have a copy of yacc installed. A public domain version for a Windows PC can most easily be obtained from cygwin, or also from:
    	ftp://ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/ucb/4bsd/byacc.tar.Z
A copy of this file is also available in: http://spinroot.com/spin/Bin/index.html (You don't need yacc on the PC if you use the pre-compiled version of Spin for the pc in the pc*.zip file from the distribution) Look at the file make_it.bat for an example on how to perform the compilation. On a Unix/Linux/Ubuntu system you can install yacc in the usual way, with apt-get. ### `Dot (optional)` Dot is a graph layout tool developed by Stephen North and colleagues at AT&T (email: north@research.att.com). iSpin can make use of dot to show a graph layout of the state-machines in the automata-view option (recommended!). To obtain Dot, see
    	http://www.graphviz.org/
The are both PC and Unix versions of dot available. For documentation of dot see, for instance:
    	A technique for drawing directed graphs,
    	by Gansner, Koutsofios, North and Vo,
    	IEEE-TSE, March, 1993.
If you accept the default installation on a PC, you will need to define the location of dot.exe in the ispin source as follows:
    	set DOT "C:/Program\\ Files\ATT\Graphviz/bin/dot.exe"
(the line that sets the location of DOT appears near the top of the ispin.tcl file). ### `Etch (optional)` Etch, short for Enhanced Type CHecker, can perform more thorough static checking than the default SPIN type checker, using type inference to reconstruct types of channels which can only be incompletely specified in Promela. The techniques are described in a SPIN 2005 tool demo paper. The Etch tool can be downloaded from:
    	http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~afd/etch/
### `TopSpin (optional)` TopSpin is a symmetry reduction package for Spin, developed by Alastair Donaldson. It can be applied to a Promela model and, provided that the model adheres to some restrictions (detailed in a user manual) uses computational group theory to determine a group of component symmetries associated with the model. The tool can modify the model checking algorithm used by Spin to exploit the symmetries during verification, resulting in reduced memory use and in many cases also shorter verification time. The package can be downloaded from:
    	http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~afd/topspin/
### `JSpin (optional)` jSpin, developed by Moti Ben-Ari, is an alternative to the iSpin GUI written in Java instead of Tcl/Tk. It is meant as a teaching aid. See:
    	http://stwww.weizmann.ac.il/g-cs/benari/jspin/
The jSpin tool can be configured for use on Linux and Macs, and can also run under Windows, with or without cygwin installed (e.g., with mingw). The jSpin tool can be downloaded from GoogleCode:
    	http://code.google.com/p/jspin/
### `Erigone (optional)` Erigone, also developed by Moti Ben-Ari, is a reimplementation of a subset of Spin, meant for educational use. Erigone is written in Ada 2005 instead of C. See:
    	http://stwww.weizmann.ac.il/g-cs/benari/erigone/
Erigone can be downloaded from GoogleCode:
    	http://code.google.com/p/erigone/
### `SpinJa (optional)` SpinJa is reimplementation of a subset of Spin in Java, developed by Marc de Jonge at Twente University in The Netherlands. A more detailed description of SpinJa was presented at the 2010 Spin Workshop by Marc de Jonge and Theo Ruys. The tool can be downloaded from:
    	http://code.google.com/p/spinja/
### `Ltl2Ba (optional)` A faster method to generate very small never claims from LTL formulae, developed by Denis Oddoux and Paul Gastin is available online in source form:
    	http://spinroot.com/spin/Src/ltl2ba.tar.gz
The latest version can be obtained from the authors website via:
    	http://www.lsv.ens-cachan.fr/~gastin/ltl2ba/download.php
    See also
    	http://www.lsv.ens-cachan.fr/~gastin/ltl2ba/index.php
The C source code can be linked with Spin, or run as a standalone tool. For an overview of related conversion tools see: http://spot.lip6.fr/wiki/LtlTranslationAlgorithms ### `Swarm (optional)` See http://spinroot.com/swarm. ### `Runspin and Parsepan (optional)` Two useful scripts by Theo Ruys, to help with setting up (and remembering) configurations for multiple verification runs: runspin parsepan `
`Spin HomePage` |  | `(Page Last Updated: 5 October 2014)`
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