#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright 2003 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Generic entry point for Google applications.

To use this module, simply define a 'main' function with a single
'argv' argument and add the following to the end of your source file:

if __name__ == '__main__':
  app.run()

TODO(user): Remove silly main-detection logic, and force all clients
of this module to check __name__ explicitly.  Fix all current clients
that don't check __name__.
"""
import errno
import os
import pdb
import socket
import stat
import struct
import sys
import time
import traceback
import gflags as flags
FLAGS = flags.FLAGS

flags.DEFINE_boolean('run_with_pdb', 0, 'Set to true for PDB debug mode')
flags.DEFINE_boolean('pdb_post_mortem', 0,
                     'Set to true to handle uncaught exceptions with PDB '
                     'post mortem.')
flags.DEFINE_boolean('run_with_profiling', 0,
                     'Set to true for profiling the script. '
                     'Execution will be slower, and the output format might '
                     'change over time.')
flags.DEFINE_string('profile_file', None,
                    'Dump profile information to a file (for python -m '
                    'pstats). Implies --run_with_profiling.')
flags.DEFINE_boolean('use_cprofile_for_profiling', True,
                     'Use cProfile instead of the profile module for '
                     'profiling. This has no effect unless '
                     '--run_with_profiling is set.')

# If main() exits via an abnormal exception, call into these
# handlers before exiting.

EXCEPTION_HANDLERS = []
help_text_wrap = False  # Whether to enable TextWrap in help output


class Error(Exception):
  pass


class UsageError(Error):
  """The arguments supplied by the user are invalid.

  Raise this when the arguments supplied are invalid from the point of
  view of the application. For example when two mutually exclusive
  flags have been supplied or when there are not enough non-flag
  arguments. It is distinct from flags.FlagsError which covers the lower
  level of parsing and validating individual flags.
  """

  def __init__(self, message, exitcode=1):
    Error.__init__(self, message)
    self.exitcode = exitcode


class HelpFlag(flags.BooleanFlag):
  """Special boolean flag that displays usage and raises SystemExit."""
  NAME = 'help'

  def __init__(self):
    flags.BooleanFlag.__init__(self, self.NAME, 0, 'show this help',
                               short_name='?', allow_override=1)

  def Parse(self, arg):
    if arg:
      usage(shorthelp=1, writeto_stdout=1)
      # Advertise --helpfull on stdout, since usage() was on stdout.
      print
      print 'Try --helpfull to get a list of all flags.'
      sys.exit(1)


class HelpshortFlag(HelpFlag):
  """--helpshort is an alias for --help."""
  NAME = 'helpshort'


class HelpfullFlag(flags.BooleanFlag):
  """Display help for flags in this module and all dependent modules."""

  def __init__(self):
    flags.BooleanFlag.__init__(self, 'helpfull', 0, 'show full help',
                               allow_override=1)

  def Parse(self, arg):
    if arg:
      usage(writeto_stdout=1)
      sys.exit(1)


class HelpXMLFlag(flags.BooleanFlag):
  """Similar to HelpfullFlag, but generates output in XML format."""

  def __init__(self):
    flags.BooleanFlag.__init__(self, 'helpxml', False,
                               'like --helpfull, but generates XML output',
                               allow_override=1)

  def Parse(self, arg):
    if arg:
      flags.FLAGS.WriteHelpInXMLFormat(sys.stdout)
      sys.exit(1)


class BuildDataFlag(flags.BooleanFlag):
  """Boolean flag that writes build data to stdout and exits."""

  def __init__(self):
    flags.BooleanFlag.__init__(self, 'show_build_data', 0,
                               'show build data and exit')

  def Parse(self, arg):
    if arg:
      sys.stdout.write(build_data.BuildData())
      sys.exit(0)


def parse_flags_with_usage(args):
  """Try parsing the flags, printing usage and exiting if unparseable."""
  try:
    argv = FLAGS(args)
    return argv
  except flags.FlagsError, error:
    sys.stderr.write('FATAL Flags parsing error: %s\n' % error)
    sys.stderr.write('Pass --helpshort or --helpfull to see help on flags.\n')
    sys.exit(1)


_define_help_flags_called = False


def DefineHelpFlags():
  """Register help flags. Idempotent."""
  # Use a global to ensure idempotence.
  # pylint: disable=global-statement
  global _define_help_flags_called

  if not _define_help_flags_called:
    flags.DEFINE_flag(HelpFlag())
    flags.DEFINE_flag(HelpshortFlag())  # alias for --help
    flags.DEFINE_flag(HelpfullFlag())
    flags.DEFINE_flag(HelpXMLFlag())
    flags.DEFINE_flag(BuildDataFlag())
    _define_help_flags_called = True


def RegisterAndParseFlagsWithUsage():
  """Register help flags, parse arguments and show usage if appropriate.

  Returns:
    remaining arguments after flags parsing
  """
  DefineHelpFlags()

  argv = parse_flags_with_usage(sys.argv)
  return argv


def really_start(main=None):
  """Initializes flag values, and calls main with non-flag arguments.

  Only non-flag arguments are passed to main().  The return value of main() is
  used as the exit status.

  Args:
    main: Main function to run with the list of non-flag arguments, or None
      so that sys.modules['__main__'].main is to be used.
  """
  argv = RegisterAndParseFlagsWithUsage()

  if main is None:
    main = sys.modules['__main__'].main

  try:
    if FLAGS.run_with_pdb:
      sys.exit(pdb.runcall(main, argv))
    else:
      if FLAGS.run_with_profiling or FLAGS.profile_file:
        # Avoid import overhead since most apps (including performance-sensitive
        # ones) won't be run with profiling.
        import atexit
        if FLAGS.use_cprofile_for_profiling:
          import cProfile as profile
        else:
          import profile
        profiler = profile.Profile()
        if FLAGS.profile_file:
          atexit.register(profiler.dump_stats, FLAGS.profile_file)
        else:
          atexit.register(profiler.print_stats)
        retval = profiler.runcall(main, argv)
        sys.exit(retval)
      else:
        sys.exit(main(argv))
  except UsageError, error:
    usage(shorthelp=1, detailed_error=error, exitcode=error.exitcode)
  except:
    if FLAGS.pdb_post_mortem:
      traceback.print_exc()
      pdb.post_mortem()
    raise


def run():
  """Begin executing the program.

  - Parses command line flags with the flag module.
  - If there are any errors, print usage().
  - Calls main() with the remaining arguments.
  - If main() raises a UsageError, print usage and the error message.
  """
  return _actual_start()


def _actual_start():
  """Another layer in the starting stack."""
  # Get raw traceback
  tb = None
  try:
    raise ZeroDivisionError('')
  except ZeroDivisionError:
    tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
  assert tb

  # Look at previous stack frame's previous stack frame (previous
  # frame is run() or start(); the frame before that should be the
  # frame of the original caller, which should be __main__ or appcommands
  prev_prev_frame = tb.tb_frame.f_back.f_back
  if not prev_prev_frame:
    return
  prev_prev_name = prev_prev_frame.f_globals.get('__name__', None)
  if (prev_prev_name != '__main__'
      and not prev_prev_name.endswith('.appcommands')):
    return
  # just in case there's non-trivial stuff happening in __main__
  del tb
  if hasattr(sys, 'exc_clear'):
    sys.exc_clear()  # This functionality is gone in Python 3.

  try:
    really_start()
  except SystemExit, e:
    raise
  except Exception, e:
    # Call any installed exception handlers which may, for example,
    # log to a file or send email.
    for handler in EXCEPTION_HANDLERS:
      try:
        if handler.Wants(e):
          handler.Handle(e)
      except:
        # We don't want to stop for exceptions in the exception handlers but
        # we shouldn't hide them either.
        sys.stderr.write(traceback.format_exc())
        raise
    # All handlers have had their chance, now die as we would have normally.
    raise


def usage(shorthelp=0, writeto_stdout=0, detailed_error=None, exitcode=None):
  """Write __main__'s docstring to stderr with some help text.

  Args:
    shorthelp: print only flags from this module, rather than all flags.
    writeto_stdout: write help message to stdout, rather than to stderr.
    detailed_error: additional detail about why usage info was presented.
    exitcode: if set, exit with this status code after writing help.
  """
  if writeto_stdout:
    stdfile = sys.stdout
  else:
    stdfile = sys.stderr

  doc = sys.modules['__main__'].__doc__
  if not doc:
    doc = '\nUSAGE: %s [flags]\n' % sys.argv[0]
    doc = flags.TextWrap(doc, indent='       ', firstline_indent='')
  else:
    # Replace all '%s' with sys.argv[0], and all '%%' with '%'.
    num_specifiers = doc.count('%') - 2 * doc.count('%%')
    try:
      doc %= (sys.argv[0],) * num_specifiers
    except (OverflowError, TypeError, ValueError):
      # Just display the docstring as-is.
      pass
    if help_text_wrap:
      doc = flags.TextWrap(flags.DocToHelp(doc))
  if shorthelp:
    flag_str = FLAGS.MainModuleHelp()
  else:
    flag_str = str(FLAGS)
  try:
    stdfile.write(doc)
    if flag_str:
      stdfile.write('\nflags:\n')
      stdfile.write(flag_str)
    stdfile.write('\n')
    if detailed_error is not None:
      stdfile.write('\n%s\n' % detailed_error)
  except IOError, e:
    # We avoid printing a huge backtrace if we get EPIPE, because
    # "foo.par --help | less" is a frequent use case.
    if e.errno != errno.EPIPE:
      raise
  if exitcode is not None:
    sys.exit(exitcode)


class ExceptionHandler(object):
  """Base exception handler from which other may inherit."""

  def Wants(self, unused_exc):
    """Check if this exception handler want to handle this exception.

    Args:
      unused_exc: Exception, the current exception

    Returns:
      boolean

    This base handler wants to handle all exceptions, override this
    method if you want to be more selective.
    """
    return True

  def Handle(self, exc):
    """Do something with the current exception.

    Args:
      exc: Exception, the current exception

    This method must be overridden.
    """
    raise NotImplementedError()


def InstallExceptionHandler(handler):
  """Install an exception handler.

  Args:
    handler: an object conforming to the interface defined in ExceptionHandler

  Raises:
    TypeError: handler was not of the correct type

  All installed exception handlers will be called if main() exits via
  an abnormal exception, i.e. not one of SystemExit, KeyboardInterrupt,
  FlagsError or UsageError.
  """
  if not isinstance(handler, ExceptionHandler):
    raise TypeError('handler of type %s does not inherit from ExceptionHandler'
                    % type(handler))
  EXCEPTION_HANDLERS.append(handler)
