The mathematical operation modulo determines the remainder on dividing a number n by another number k. The result of n modulo k thus lies in the interval between 0 and k-1.
Example:
| 0 modulo 3 = 0 | 1 modulo 3 = 1 | 2 modulo 3 = 2 |
| 3 modulo 3 = 0 | 4 modulo 3 = 1 | 5 modulo 3 = 2 |
| 6 modulo 3 = 0 | ... |